Colonoscopy is an endoscopic procedure used to examine the large intestine (colon) and rectum. It helps identify abnormalities that may cause gastrointestinal symptoms and can also allow certain diagnostic and therapeutic procedures to be performed during the same examination.
When it is recommended
Colonoscopy may be recommended for symptoms such as rectal bleeding, blood in the stool, persistent changes in bowel habits, unexplained diarrhoea or constipation, abdominal pain and unexplained anaemia. It may also be used to investigate suspected inflammatory bowel disease, evaluate previously identified abnormalities and perform appropriate colorectal screening based on individual risk factors.
About the procedure
During colonoscopy, a thin, flexible tube with a camera is carefully introduced through the rectum and advanced through the colon. The camera allows the gastroenterologist to examine the intestinal lining for inflammation, ulcers, polyps, bleeding sources and other abnormalities.
If required, small tissue samples can be collected for biopsy. Selected polyps or lesions may also be removed using specialised instruments passed through the colonoscope. In appropriate cases, endoscopic techniques can be used to manage certain sources of bleeding.
Adequate bowel preparation is essential for a clear examination. Patients are provided with specific instructions regarding diet, bowel-cleansing medication and fasting before the procedure. Sedation may be provided according to the patient's needs and the nature of the procedure. Following colonoscopy, patients are monitored and advised about recovery, findings and any further treatment or follow-up required.
