Flexible sigmoidoscopy is an endoscopic procedure used to examine the rectum and lower part of the colon. It can help identify the cause of symptoms affecting the lower gastrointestinal tract and may allow biopsy or selected treatments during the same procedure.
When it is recommended
The procedure may be considered for symptoms such as rectal bleeding, persistent changes in bowel habits, unexplained diarrhoea, lower abdominal discomfort or suspected inflammation of the rectum and lower colon. It may also be used to evaluate conditions such as proctitis, colitis and other abnormalities affecting the lower bowel.
About the procedure
During flexible sigmoidoscopy, a thin, flexible tube with a camera is gently passed through the anus into the rectum and lower colon. The gastroenterologist examines the lining of these areas for inflammation, ulcers, bleeding, polyps and other abnormalities.
If an abnormal area is identified, a small tissue sample may be taken for laboratory analysis. Selected lesions or polyps may also be removed when clinically appropriate, and certain sources of bleeding may be treated using endoscopic techniques.
Preparation requirements depend on the planned examination and may include bowel cleansing and temporary dietary restrictions. Sedation may or may not be required depending on the patient's condition and the procedure being performed. After the examination, the healthcare team provides guidance regarding the findings, recovery and any further investigations or treatment that may be required.
