Mandibulectomy is a surgical procedure in which part or, when necessary, a larger section of the mandible or lower jawbone is removed. In oncology, it may be performed when an oral or other head-and-neck tumour involves or extends close to the jawbone.
The extent of bone removal depends on the location and spread of the disease and the surgical margins required.
Why and When Is Mandibulectomy Recommended?
Mandibulectomy may be recommended when:
- Oral cancer involves the jawbone: Removing affected bone may be necessary as part of cancer surgery.
- A tumour extends close to the mandible: The surgical plan may require removal of a portion of the jaw depending on the tumour's extent.
- The jawbone is affected by other significant disease: In selected non-cancerous conditions, surgical removal may be considered.
How Is Mandibulectomy Performed?
The surgeon removes the affected tumour and the required portion of the mandible. Depending on the extent of bone removal, the procedure may be classified as a marginal or segmental mandibulectomy.
In selected cases, reconstructive surgery may be performed to restore the shape and structural continuity of the jaw. Reconstruction can involve specialised surgical techniques and, when appropriate, tissue or bone from another part of the body.
What Should Patients Expect During Recovery?
Recovery depends on the extent of surgery and whether reconstruction is performed. Patients may initially require assistance with nutrition, oral care, speech, and swallowing.
Pain management and wound care form an important part of recovery. Rehabilitation may help patients gradually regain chewing, swallowing, speech, and jaw function.
