Foot and Ankle Disorders

Foot and ankle disorders refer to a wide range of conditions that affect the bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and joints in the lower limbs. These structures support body weight, absorb shock, and allow for movement and balance—so any disorder in this area can significantly impact mobility and quality of life.

Disorders can arise due to injury, overuse, aging, deformity, or systemic conditions like arthritis and diabetes.

Common Foot and Ankle Disorders

1. Plantar Fasciitis

Inflammation of the thick band of tissue (plantar fascia) that runs across the bottom of the foot. Common cause of heel pain, especially in the morning.

2. Ankle Sprains

Tearing or overstretching of the ankle ligaments, usually from twisting injuries. Graded by severity (mild to complete tear).

3. Achilles Tendinitis

Overuse injury of the Achilles tendon that connects the calf muscle to the heel. Can cause pain, swelling, and stiffness.

4. Flat Feet (Pes Planus)

Occurs when the arches of the feet collapse, causing the entire foot to touch the ground. Can lead to pain or alignment issues.

5. Bunions (Hallux Valgus)

A bony bump that forms at the base of the big toe, causing the toe to turn inward. Often hereditary and worsens with tight footwear.

6. Hammer Toe

Abnormal bend in the middle joint of one or more toes. Can cause discomfort, corns, and difficulty wearing shoes.

7. Heel Spurs

Calcium deposits that form under the heel bone, often associated with plantar fasciitis. Can cause chronic heel pain.

8. Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

Compression of the tibial nerve inside the ankle, similar to carpal tunnel in the wrist. Causes burning, tingling, or numbness.

9. Arthritis of the Foot and Ankle

Can result from osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or post-traumatic arthritis. Leads to pain, stiffness, and limited range of motion.

10. Fractures and Dislocations

Can involve bones of the ankle, heel, midfoot, or toes due to trauma, sports injuries, or falls.

Symptoms That May Indicate a Foot or Ankle Disorder

• Pain or tenderness in the foot or ankle
• Swelling or bruising
• Difficulty walking or bearing weight
• Stiffness or limited range of motion
• Numbness or tingling
• Changes in foot shape or arch height
• Visible deformities (e.g., bunions, hammer toes)
• Redness or warmth (may indicate infection or inflammation)

Causes and Risk Factors

• Sports injuries or accidents
• Overuse or repetitive strain (e.g., running, jumping)
• Improper footwear
• Genetic predisposition
• Obesity (increased stress on feet)
• Aging and wear-and-tear
• Systemic diseases like diabetes, arthritis, or neuropathy

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically includes:

• Physical examination
• X-rays to assess bone alignment and detect fractures or deformities
• MRI or ultrasound for soft tissue evaluation
• CT scan in complex cases (e.g., joint involvement)
• Gait analysis for functional assessment

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the specific condition, its severity, and impact on mobility.

Non-Surgical Management:

• Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation (RICE) for acute injuries
• Pain relievers and anti-inflammatories
• Custom orthotics or shoe inserts
• Bracing, taping, or splinting
• Physical therapy to strengthen muscles and restore movement
• Steroid or PRP injections for inflammation or chronic pain

Surgical Treatment:

• Required for:
  • Severe deformities (e.g., bunions, hammer toes)
  • Unstable fractures
  • Tendon or ligament ruptures
  • Advanced arthritis or chronic instability
     
• Common surgeries:
  • Arthroscopy (minimally invasive joint repair)
  • Realignment procedures
  • Tendon repair or transfer
  • Joint fusion or replacement

Prevention Tips

• Wear properly fitted shoes that support your arch and ankle
• Warm up before physical activity and stretch regularly
• Avoid overtraining and allow time for rest and recovery
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Monitor and manage chronic conditions like diabetes or arthritis
• Seek early treatment for minor pain or injuries to prevent worsening

Why Choose Aster Hospitals for Foot and Ankle Care?

Aster Hospitals offers advanced care for foot and ankle disorders through a multidisciplinary team of orthopedic surgeons, podiatrists, physiotherapists, and rehabilitation experts. We specialize in both non-surgical and surgical management, using the latest diagnostic tools and minimally invasive techniques. Our personalized approach ensures that every patient—from athletes to seniors—receives compassionate, comprehensive care to restore function, reduce pain, and improve mobility.