Bone marrow aspiration is a diagnostic procedure used to collect a small sample of liquid bone marrow for laboratory examination. Bone marrow is the soft tissue inside certain bones where blood cells are produced. Examination of the marrow can provide important information about blood-cell production and the presence of abnormal cells.
It is particularly useful in evaluating certain blood disorders and cancers affecting the blood or bone marrow.
Why and When Is Bone Marrow Aspiration Recommended?
The procedure may be recommended for:
- Unexplained blood-count abnormalities: Persistent changes in red cells, white cells, or platelets may require further investigation.
- Suspected blood cancers: It can help evaluate conditions such as leukaemia and other haematological malignancies.
- Bone marrow disorders: The procedure can identify abnormalities affecting blood-cell production.
- Cancer assessment: In selected cancers, marrow examination may help determine whether cancer cells have reached the bone marrow.
- Treatment monitoring: It may be performed to assess response to treatment in certain conditions.
How Is Bone Marrow Aspiration Performed?
The posterior part of the pelvic bone is commonly used for bone marrow aspiration. The area is cleaned, and local anaesthesia is given to reduce discomfort. A specialised needle is then inserted through the bone to obtain a small amount of marrow.
The sample is sent to the laboratory for microscopic and, when required, additional specialised testing.
What Should Patients Expect During the Procedure?
Patients may feel pressure or brief discomfort while the marrow sample is collected. The procedure itself is generally completed within a short period, although preparation and recovery may take additional time.
Mild soreness at the procedure site may occur afterward. Patients receive instructions regarding wound care and activities following the procedure.
What Happens After Bone Marrow Aspiration?
The results are interpreted together with blood tests, examination findings, imaging, and other investigations. The findings can help doctors establish or confirm a diagnosis and determine an appropriate treatment plan.
