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What is MD in internal medicine?
MD internal medicine is a recognized postgraduate degree conforming to the stringent criteria of NMC (earlier medical council of India). The MD qualified doctors are permitted to practice and treat all medicine cases sans
interventions in cardiology or endoscopy in gastroenterology or performing dialysis in chronic kidney diseases.
Is there surgery required for the removal of stones?
In modern management of renal stone disease, open laparotomy is seldom required as urolithiasis (kidney/ureter/bladder stones) can be dealt with endoscopically.
Why tests do nephrologists perform?
Kidney biopsy
What do nephrologists do on the first visit?
Detailed history taking, complete physical exam, recording of BP and BMI, and ordering of investigations (based on provisional diagnosis), including a mandatory complete urine examination and basic USG for kidneys.
What disease does a nephrologist treat?
All primary diseases of the kidney and renal diseases secondary to other diseases fall in the realm of nephrologists. To name a few, acute nephritis, Nephrotic syndrome, AKI, CKD, UTI, obstructive uropathy, nephrolithiasis, hypertension, renal tubular disorders, and asymptomatic urinary abnormalities.
Which test can a nephrologist recommend?
Since kidneys are essential for optimal functioning of all organ systems by maintaining the milieu interior, a nephrologist can and does order all the investigations in a clinician’s armamentarium.
How can urinary incontinence be managed?
Essentially managed by urologists who are surgeons to the kidneys and genitourinary tract, incontinence can be managed alternatively with certain drugs and neurosurgical procedures where necessary.
What is end-stage renal disease?
ESRD is a stage in the progression of chronic kidney disease, and the kidneys are no longer capable of carrying out their function to maintain the milieu interior. Renal replacement therapy (regular dialysis and transplantation) is the only option to preserve life.
What should be the lifestyle to avoid kidney problems?
A balanced diet, no smoking, abstinence or modest alcohol consumption, adequate fluid intake depending on ambient weather conditions, salt restriction in diet, good glycemic control in diabetes and optimal control of BP in hypertension, regular exercise to avoid obesity are some of the measures to avoid kidney problems.
Can kidney failure be controlled?
Kidney failure can be controlled, and its progression can be slowed done for a period with good conservative measures for chronic kidney disease. However, the final outcome is almost always ending stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT). Early detection of diabetic kidney disease at the stage of microalbuminuria can be reversed with diligent treatment and regular follow-up.