Acute Kidney Injury

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), also known as acute renal failure, is a sudden decline in kidney function that occurs over hours or days. It leads to waste buildup, fluid imbalance, and electrolyte disturbances, affecting overall health. AKI can be caused by reduced blood flow to the kidneys, direct kidney damage, or obstruction in the urinary tract. Early detection and timely treatment by a nephrologist or urologist are crucial to prevent permanent kidney damage.  

Symptoms of Acute Kidney Injury 

1. Reduced urine output – Less than normal or complete absence of urination
2. Swelling (edema) – Fluid retention in the legs, ankles, or face
3. Shortness of breath – Due to fluid buildup in the lungs
4. Fatigue and confusion – Resulting from toxin accumulation  
5. Nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite  
6. Irregular heartbeat – Due to electrolyte imbalances (potassium buildup)  

Causes and Risk Factors

1. Pre-renal (Reduced Blood Flow to Kidneys)

   - Severe dehydration or blood loss.  
   - Heart failure or low blood pressure (shock).  
   - Sepsis (severe infection causing organ damage).  

2. Intrinsic (Direct Kidney Damage)

   - Acute Glomerulonephritis – Inflammation of kidney filters.  
   - Toxins or drugs – Certain medications like NSAIDs, antibiotics, or contrast dyes.
   - Autoimmune diseases – Lupus or vasculitis.  

3. Post-renal (Urinary Obstruction)

   - Kidney stones, enlarged prostate, or tumors blocking urine flow.
   - Bladder dysfunction causing urine retention.  

Why Choose Aster Hospitals for Acute Kidney Injury Treatment?

At Aster Hospitals, our expert nephrologists and urologists specialize in diagnosing and treating AKI using advanced tests like blood tests (creatinine, BUN), urine tests, ultrasound, and CT scans. We aim to restore kidney function quickly and prevent complications through a comprehensive treatment approach. 

This includes fluid and electrolyte balance using IV fluids to restore hydration, medications to control blood pressure, reduce swelling, and manage infections, and dialysis in severe cases to remove waste and excess fluid. For urinary obstruction management, urologists may perform catheterization or surgery if needed. Additionally, dietary adjustments, such as a low-sodium, low-potassium diet, help support kidney recovery and overall health.

Role of a Nephrologist and Urologist in AKI Treatment

A nephrologist focuses on managing kidney function, controlling fluid levels, and preventing chronic kidney disease** (CKD). A urologist plays a key role when AKI is caused by urinary obstructions (e.g., kidney stones, prostate enlargement) and performs necessary procedures to restore urine flow.  

When to see a Nephrologist or Urologist?

• Sudden reduction in urine output 
• Swelling in the legs, face, or abdomen 
• Persistent nausea, vomiting, or confusion  
• Difficulty urinating or painful urination
• High blood pressure or irregular heartbeat