Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

What is GERD?

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive disorder where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus—the tube connecting your mouth and stomach. This acid reflux irritates the lining of the esophagus and can cause symptoms like heartburn, regurgitation, chest discomfort, and sometimes more serious complications if left untreated.

While occasional reflux is common, GERD is diagnosed when symptoms occur more than twice a week or interfere with daily life.

Causes of GERD

GERD occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)—a ring of muscle that acts like a valve between the esophagus and stomach—becomes weak or relaxes inappropriately, allowing stomach contents to backflow.

Common triggers and risk factors include:

• Obesity or overweight
• Pregnancy
• Hiatal hernia
• Smoking
• Eating large or fatty meals
• Lying down immediately after eating
• Certain medications (e.g., asthma drugs, antihistamines)
• Caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods

Common Symptoms

• Heartburn: A burning sensation in the chest, especially after eating or when lying down
• Regurgitation: Sour or bitter-tasting acid backing up into the throat or mouth
• Chest pain
• Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
• Chronic cough or sore throat
• Hoarseness or voice changes
• Sensation of a lump in the throat

Not everyone with GERD experiences heartburn; some people may only have respiratory or throat symptoms.

Complications if Left Untreated

Chronic GERD can lead to:

• Esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus)
• Esophageal stricture (narrowing due to scar tissue)
• Barrett’s esophagus (a precancerous condition)
• Respiratory issues like asthma, chronic cough, or aspiration pneumonia

Early diagnosis and management are important to prevent these complications.

Diagnosis

Your doctor may recommend the following tests to confirm GERD or assess its severity:

• Upper endoscopy to view the esophagus and take tissue samples
• 24-hour pH monitoring to measure acid levels in the esophagus
• Esophageal manometry to test the strength and coordination of the esophageal muscles
• Barium swallow X-ray to detect structural abnormalities

Treatment Options

Lifestyle and dietary changes:

• Eat smaller, more frequent meals
• Avoid trigger foods (spicy, acidic, fried)
• Don’t lie down for 2–3 hours after eating
• Elevate the head of your bed
• Lose weight if overweight
• Quit smoking and limit alcohol

Medications:

• Antacids for quick relief
• H2 blockers to reduce acid production
• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for stronger acid suppression
• Prokinetics to improve LES function and gastric emptying

Surgical Options (for severe or medication-resistant GERD):

• Fundoplication – Wrapping the top of the stomach around the LES to strengthen it
• LINX device – A ring of magnetic beads placed around the LES to prevent reflux
  These are typically recommended when long-term medication is not effective or suitable.

Why Choose Aster Hospitals for GERD Management?

Aster Hospitals is a leading choice for GERD management, offering a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach involving experts in gastroenterology, ENT, pulmonology, and surgery. With advanced diagnostic tools and personalized treatment plans, we focus on delivering lasting relief from symptoms and preventing long-term complications. Our services include state-of-the-art endoscopy and reflux monitoring, expert consultations for chronic or complex reflux cases, advanced laparoscopic and minimally invasive surgical options, and ongoing follow-up with dietary support to ensure sustained well-being.