Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a condition where the bones become weak and brittle, making them more prone to fractures—even from a minor fall, bump, or sneeze. It literally means "porous bones" and develops when bone mass decreases and bone quality deteriorates.

It often develops silently and gradually, with many people unaware they have it until a fracture occurs—commonly in the hip, spine, or wrist.

How Bones Weaken

Our bones are living tissue, constantly being broken down and rebuilt. In osteoporosis, the rate of bone loss outpaces bone formation, leading to loss of bone density and strength. As a result, bones become fragile and more likely to break.

Risk Factors for Osteoporosis

1. Age:

Risk increases with age, especially after 50.

2. Gender:

Women are at higher risk, particularly post-menopause due to a drop in estrogen levels.

3. Family History:

Genetics plays a role—if your parents had fractures, you may be at greater risk.

4. Hormonal Factors:

Low estrogen or testosterone, thyroid issues, or long-term steroid use can contribute.

5. Lifestyle Factors:

• Low calcium and vitamin D intake
• Lack of physical activity
• Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption
• Being underweight or having an eating disorder

6. Medical Conditions:

• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Celiac disease
• Chronic kidney or liver disease
• Certain cancers and endocrine disorders

Symptoms of Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is often called a "silent disease" because bone loss happens without symptoms. However, warning signs can include:

• Fractures after minimal trauma
• Loss of height over time
• Stooped posture (kyphosis or “dowager’s hump”)
• Back pain due to fractured or collapsed vertebrae
• Bone pain or tenderness in severe cases
   

Diagnosis

Osteoporosis is diagnosed using:

1. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Test – DEXA Scan:

This simple, painless test measures bone density and compares it to the average bone density of a healthy young adult (T-score).

• T-score ≥ -1.0: Normal
• T-score between -1.0 and -2.5: Osteopenia (low bone mass)
• T-score ≤ -2.5: Osteoporosis

2. Blood Tests:

To rule out underlying conditions and check calcium, vitamin D, thyroid, and hormone levels.

Treatment Options

Treatment focuses on slowing bone loss, building new bone, and preventing fractures.

Lifestyle and Nutrition:

• Ensure adequate calcium (1,000–1,200 mg/day) and vitamin D (600–800 IU/day)
• Eat a balanced diet rich in green leafy vegetables, dairy, and nuts
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol
• Regular weight-bearing and resistance exercises (walking, jogging, lifting weights)

Medications:

• Bisphosphonates (e.g., alendronate, risedronate): Reduce bone loss
• Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Mimic estrogen to protect bone
• Hormone replacement therapy (HRT): For postmenopausal women (used selectively)
• Denosumab: A biologic injection to slow bone loss
• Teriparatide and Abaloparatide: Stimulate new bone growth
• Romosozumab: Builds bone and slows breakdown

Fall Prevention:

• Remove home hazards
• Use handrails, non-slip mats, and proper lighting
• Regular vision and hearing checks
   

Complications of Osteoporosis

• Hip fractures: Can lead to disability or complications from immobility
• Spinal fractures: May cause severe back pain, loss of height, and deformity
• Multiple fractures: Can affect independence and quality of life
   

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent these complications.

Why Choose Aster Hospitals for Osteoporosis Care?

Aster Hospitals offers comprehensive and personalized osteoporosis management designed to preserve bone strength and prevent fractures. Our expert team of rheumatologists, endocrinologists, and orthopedic specialists uses advanced diagnostics, including DEXA scans, to accurately assess bone health. We develop individualized treatment plans with precise medication guidance, along with integrated nutrition and physiotherapy support. Our care also includes fall prevention education and structured bone health programs to reduce risk and improve mobility. With ongoing monitoring and a proactive approach, Aster is committed to helping you maintain a strong, healthy, and active lifestyle.