Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

What is PCOS?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects people with ovaries, most often during their reproductive years. It is characterized by irregular periods, excess androgens (male hormones), and polycystic ovaries (enlarged ovaries containing multiple small cysts).

PCOS is a leading cause of infertility, but with timely diagnosis and proper treatment, most symptoms can be managed, and fertility can often be restored.

Key Features of PCOS

To be diagnosed with PCOS, you typically need to meet at least two of the following three criteria (Rotterdam criteria):

1. Irregular or absent ovulation (leading to infrequent or missed periods)
2. Excess androgen levels (causing acne, facial hair, hair loss)
3. Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound (ovaries with multiple small follicles)

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, hormonal, and lifestyle factors.

Contributing factors include:

• Insulin resistance (high insulin levels increase androgen production)
• Hormonal imbalance (elevated LH and testosterone)
• Chronic inflammation
• Family history of PCOS or diabetes
• Obesity or weight gain (can worsen symptoms)

Common Symptoms

• Irregular, infrequent, or prolonged menstrual cycles
• Excess facial or body hair (hirsutism)
• Acne or oily skin
• Hair thinning or scalp hair loss
• Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
• Dark patches on the skin (acanthosis nigricans)
• Difficulty getting pregnant (anovulation)
• Mood changes, fatigue, or depression

Long-Term Health Risks

If left unmanaged, PCOS can increase the risk of:

• Type 2 diabetes
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol and heart disease
• Endometrial cancer (due to unopposed estrogen)
• Sleep apnea
• Anxiety and depression

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves a combination of:

• Medical history and symptom assessment
• Physical exam (including weight, blood pressure, skin and hair changes)
• Blood tests for hormone levels (testosterone, LH, FSH, insulin, prolactin, thyroid)
• Pelvic ultrasound to check for polycystic ovaries

Treatment Options

There is no cure for PCOS, but symptoms can be effectively managed based on individual goals (e.g., cycle regulation, fertility, acne control, weight loss).

Lifestyle Modifications

• Diet: Balanced, anti-inflammatory diet rich in fiber, lean proteins, and healthy fats
• Exercise: Regular physical activity improves insulin sensitivity and aids weight loss
• Weight management: Even 5–10% weight loss can restore ovulation and reduce symptoms

Medications

• Hormonal birth control pills: Regulate periods, reduce acne and hair growth
• Metformin: Improves insulin sensitivity and helps regulate periods
• Anti-androgens (e.g., spironolactone): Reduce excess hair and acne
• Fertility medications (e.g., clomiphene, letrozole): Stimulate ovulation for those trying to conceive
• Insulin-sensitizers: Used in specific cases with insulin resistance

Cosmetic and Skin Treatments

• Laser hair removal or electrolysis for hirsutism
• Dermatological care for acne or pigmentation

Fertility Support

• Ovulation induction with medications
• Lifestyle changes to support regular ovulation
• Advanced options like IUI or IVF for those not responding to initial treatments

Managing PCOS Long Term

• Regular menstrual tracking
• Annual check-ups for blood sugar, lipid profile, and blood pressure
• Routine pelvic ultrasounds and endometrial monitoring if periods are infrequent
• Mental health support if facing mood swings, anxiety, or depression

Why Choose Aster Hospitals for PCOS Care?

At Aster Hospitals, we provide holistic and personalized care for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) through a dedicated multidisciplinary team of gynecologists, endocrinologists, dermatologists, nutritionists, and fertility specialists. Our approach begins with accurate diagnosis using advanced hormone testing and imaging, followed by tailored diet and fitness plans to support hormonal balance. We offer expert care for skin and hair concerns, fertility planning with ovulation support, and compassionate counseling for emotional wellness. With a strong focus on education and long-term self-care, Aster Hospitals is committed to walking with you—whether you're managing symptoms, trying to conceive, or seeking overall well-being.