Scoliosis

What is Scoliosis?

Scoliosis is a condition where the spine curves sideways in an “S” or “C” shape rather than running straight down the middle of the back. While a slight curve in the spine is normal, scoliosis involves a curve greater than 10 degrees, which may continue to progress, especially during growth spurts.

Scoliosis can range from mild to severe, and its effects vary depending on the degree and location of the curvature.

Types of Scoliosis

1. Idiopathic Scoliosis:

The most common type, especially in adolescents. The exact cause is unknown but may have a genetic component.

2. Congenital Scoliosis:

Present at birth, caused by abnormal formation of the vertebrae during fetal development.

3. Neuromuscular Scoliosis:

Caused by disorders such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, or spinal cord injury. These conditions weaken the muscles supporting the spine.

4. Degenerative Scoliosis (Adult-Onset):

Develops later in life due to age-related spine degeneration, arthritis, or disc problems.

Signs and Symptoms

• Uneven shoulders or shoulder blades
• One hip higher than the other
• Asymmetrical waist or rib cage
• Leaning to one side
• Visible curvature of the spine
• Back pain or fatigue (more common in adults)
• In severe cases: breathing difficulties due to limited lung space

In many cases, especially in children, scoliosis is painless and may be first noticed during routine check-ups or school screenings.

Causes and Risk Factors

• Genetic factors – family history of scoliosis
• Neurological conditions – like cerebral palsy or spina bifida
• Growth spurts – particularly during adolescence
• Age-related wear and tear (in adults)
   

Idiopathic scoliosis, the most common type, has no known cause but is often inherited.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is based on:

• Physical examination: Observing posture and symmetry of the spine, hips, and shoulders
• Adam’s Forward Bend Test: A screening tool that can reveal abnormal spinal curves
• X-rays: Confirm the presence and degree of spinal curvature (Cobb angle)
• MRI or CT scans: Used in certain cases to assess underlying spinal or nerve conditions
   

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the type, severity, and progression of the curve, as well as the patient’s age and symptoms.

1. Observation:

For mild cases (curves under 20 degrees), especially in growing children. Regular monitoring is essential to detect progression.

2. Bracing:

For moderate scoliosis (20–40 degrees) in children and teens. A back brace won’t correct scoliosis but can prevent further curvature during growth.

3. Physical Therapy:

Helps strengthen muscles, improve posture, and relieve discomfort. Often part of conservative management.

4. Surgery (Spinal Fusion):

Recommended for severe curves (typically over 45–50 degrees), rapid progression, or symptoms like pain and breathing difficulty. The goal is to straighten and stabilize the spine by fusing vertebrae with rods and screws.

Living with Scoliosis

Many people with scoliosis lead normal, active lives. Early detection, regular monitoring, and appropriate treatment can minimize the physical and emotional effects of scoliosis.

Lifestyle tips:

• Maintain a strong core through exercise
• Use ergonomic seating and posture support
• Avoid carrying heavy backpacks unevenly
• Join scoliosis support groups if needed
   

Why Choose Aster Hospitals for Scoliosis Care?

Aster Hospitals offers specialized, multidisciplinary care for scoliosis through a team of orthopedic spine surgeons, neurologists, physiotherapists, and rehabilitation specialists. We provide accurate diagnosis with advanced imaging, personalized treatment plans tailored to age and curve severity, and both non-surgical and surgical management options. From pediatric scoliosis screenings to adult degenerative cases, our approach focuses on long-term spinal health, pain relief, and improved mobility—ensuring patients receive compassionate, comprehensive care at every step.