Spinal Disorders

What Are Spinal Disorders?

Spinal disorders are conditions that affect the structure and function of the spine, including the bones (vertebrae), intervertebral discs, spinal cord, nerves, ligaments, and muscles. These disorders can cause pain, limited mobility, numbness, and even neurological issues, depending on their severity and location.

The spine is a complex structure that supports the body, enables movement, and protects the spinal cord. Damage or degeneration in any part of the spine can significantly impact quality of life.

Common Types of Spinal Disorders

1. Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD)

Occurs when the discs between the vertebrae wear down over time, causing pain, stiffness, and reduced flexibility.

2. Herniated Disc (Slipped or Ruptured Disc)

Happens when the inner gel-like portion of a disc leaks out and irritates nearby nerves, leading to back pain or leg pain (sciatica).

3. Spinal Stenosis

Narrowing of the spinal canal, which can compress nerves and cause pain, numbness, or weakness, often in the legs.

4. Scoliosis

An abnormal sideways curvature of the spine, typically developing in childhood or adolescence, but can worsen with age.

5. Kyphosis and Lordosis

Abnormal curvature of the upper (kyphosis) or lower spine (lordosis), causing postural changes and discomfort.

6. Spondylolisthesis

A condition where one vertebra slips forward over the one below it, leading to back pain and nerve pressure.

7. Osteoarthritis of the Spine

Degenerative changes in the spinal joints that cause stiffness, swelling, and chronic back pain.

8. Spinal Infections and Tumors

Rare but serious conditions that may cause pain, fever, or neurological symptoms due to pressure on the spinal cord.

9. Spinal Cord Injuries

Trauma to the spinal cord from accidents or falls can lead to partial or complete loss of movement and sensation.

Symptoms of Spinal Disorders

Symptoms depend on the type and severity of the disorder, but may include:

• Persistent back or neck pain
• Radiating pain in the arms or legs (radiculopathy or sciatica)
• Numbness or tingling sensations
• Muscle weakness or spasms
• Difficulty walking or maintaining balance
• Stiffness or limited mobility
• Loss of bladder or bowel control (in severe cases – seek emergency care)

Causes and Risk Factors

• Aging and degeneration
• Injury or trauma (e.g., falls, car accidents)
• Poor posture
• Repetitive strain or lifting
• Obesity
• Genetic conditions (e.g., scoliosis)
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Autoimmune diseases or infections

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of spinal disorders typically includes:

• Physical examination
• X-rays – to check bone alignment and degeneration
• MRI or CT scans – for detailed images of discs, nerves, and spinal cord
• Electromyography (EMG) – to assess nerve function
• Bone scans – to detect fractures, tumors, or infections

Treatment Options

1. Conservative (Non-Surgical) Treatment:

• Medications: Pain relievers, anti-inflammatories, muscle relaxants
• Physical therapy: Strengthening, flexibility, posture correction
• Hot/cold therapy
• Chiropractic care or spinal manipulation
• Epidural steroid injections for inflammation and pain relief
• Bracing (for scoliosis or post-surgical support)

2. Surgical Treatment:

Surgery is considered when conservative measures fail, or if there is nerve compression or structural instability.

• Discectomy: Removal of herniated disc material
• Laminectomy: Removal of bone or tissue compressing nerves
• Spinal fusion: Joining two or more vertebrae to stabilize the spine
• Artificial disc replacement
• Corrective surgery for scoliosis or deformities

Minimally invasive techniques are increasingly used for faster recovery and fewer complications.

Preventing Spinal Disorders

• Maintain good posture when sitting, standing, and lifting
• Engage in regular physical activity and core strengthening
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Avoid smoking
• Use ergonomic furniture and support
• Take frequent breaks if sitting or driving for long periods

Why Choose Aster Hospitals for Spinal Care?

At Aster Hospitals, we offer comprehensive and advanced care for spinal disorders through a multidisciplinary team of orthopedic surgeons, neurosurgeons, physiotherapists, and rehabilitation specialists. Equipped with state-of-the-art imaging and diagnostic tools, we ensure accurate assessment and personalized treatment plans for each patient. Whether it’s conservative management, pain relief therapies, or minimally invasive and robotic spine surgeries, our focus is on delivering effective, evidence-based care with faster recovery and long-term support. From diagnosis to rehabilitation, Aster Hospitals is committed to helping you regain mobility, reduce pain, and restore your quality of life. From diagnosis to recovery, we provide personalized care plans to restore mobility and quality of life.