Vaginal Infections and Disorders

What Are Vaginal Infections and Disorders?

Vaginal infections and disorders refer to a range of conditions that affect the health, function, or balance of the vagina. These may include infections, inflammation, structural changes, or hormonal imbalances. Many are common, treatable, and not serious when addressed early—but if left untreated, they can cause discomfort, fertility issues, or spread to other parts of the reproductive system.

Understanding your body and seeking timely care can help maintain vaginal health and overall well-being.

Common Vaginal Infections

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)

An imbalance in the natural vaginal bacteria, where harmful bacteria outgrow beneficial lactobacilli.

Symptoms:

• Thin, grey-white vaginal discharge
• Fishy odor, especially after sex
• Itching or burning (less common)

Causes: Disruption of natural flora due to douching, new sexual partners, or antibiotics

Treatment: Prescription antibiotics (oral or vaginal)

Vaginal Yeast Infection (Candidiasis)

An overgrowth of Candida albicans, a type of fungus normally present in the vagina.

Symptoms:

• Thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge
• Intense itching and irritation
• Redness and swelling of the vulva
• Burning during urination or sex

Causes: Antibiotics, high blood sugar (diabetes), pregnancy, weakened immunity, or tight, non-breathable clothing

Treatment: Antifungal creams, suppositories, or oral medications

Trichomoniasis

A sexually transmitted infection caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.

Symptoms:

• Frothy, greenish-yellow discharge
• Foul odor
• Vaginal itching or burning
• Pain during urination or sex

Treatment: Oral antibiotics (e.g., metronidazole)

Chlamydia and Gonorrhea

Sexually transmitted bacterial infections that may affect the cervix and vagina.

Symptoms: Often silent, but may include:

• Unusual discharge
• Bleeding between periods or after sex
• Pelvic pain or pain during urination

Treatment: Antibiotics; partner treatment is essential

Other Common Vaginal Disorders

Vaginitis

General term for inflammation of the vagina, often due to infection, chemical irritants, or hormonal changes.

Symptoms:

• Itching, burning
• Abnormal discharge
• Discomfort during sex

Atrophic Vaginitis

Occurs in postmenopausal women due to estrogen decline, leading to thinning and drying of vaginal tissue.

Symptoms:

• Vaginal dryness or tightness
• Itching and burning
• Painful intercourse
• Light bleeding or spotting

Treatment: Vaginal moisturizers, estrogen creams, or hormone therapy

Vaginal Prolapse

When vaginal walls weaken and organs (like the bladder or uterus) bulge into the vagina, often after childbirth or menopause.

Symptoms:

• Pressure or fullness in the vagina
• Bulging sensation
• Urinary leakage or difficulty

Treatment: Pelvic floor exercises, pessary device, or surgery

Lichen Sclerosus or Planus

Chronic skin conditions that cause itching, white patches, or soreness around the vaginal and vulvar area.

Treatment: Topical steroids or immunosuppressants

Causes and Risk Factors

• Poor hygiene practices (e.g., douching, scented products)
• Unprotected sex or multiple partners
• Hormonal changes (puberty, menopause, pregnancy)
• Weakened immune system
• Tight or synthetic underwear
• Use of antibiotics
• Diabetes or chronic illnesses

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical advice if you experience:

• Unusual discharge (color, smell, texture)
• Persistent itching, burning, or pain
• Bleeding between periods or after intercourse
• Painful urination or sex
• Recurring infections despite treatment

Prompt evaluation helps prevent complications and ensures proper treatment.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is based on:

• Medical and sexual history
• Pelvic exam
• Microscopic analysis of discharge
• Vaginal swab or culture tests
• STD testing if sexually transmitted infection is suspected

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the cause:

• Antibiotics or antifungal medications
• Hormonal therapy for atrophic changes
• Avoiding irritants (fragrances, douches, synthetic clothing)
• Partner treatment in STIs
• Supportive care: Warm baths, cotton underwear, avoiding tight clothes

Tips for Preventing Vaginal Infections

• Practice safe sex (use condoms, limit partners)
• Avoid douching or scented products in the genital area
• Wear breathable, cotton underwear and avoid tight clothing
• Maintain good hygiene, but don't over-clean
• Wipe front to back after using the toilet
• Manage blood sugar if diabetic
• Stay hydrated and eat a balanced diet

Why Choose Aster Hospitals for Women’s Health?

Aster Hospitals offers comprehensive and compassionate care for vaginal and reproductive health through a team of experienced gynecologists and infectious disease specialists. We provide accurate diagnosis using advanced lab testing and imaging, ensuring timely and effective treatment. Our specialized care addresses recurring or chronic vaginal conditions with a holistic, non-judgmental approach to sexual and intimate wellness. Patients also benefit from integrated services, including counseling, dermatological care, and hormonal support. At Aster, we are committed to empowering women to understand, protect, and prioritize their intimate health with confidence and care.