Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses medicines to destroy cancer cells, slow their growth, or control the progression of cancer. It may be used alone or alongside surgery, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or other treatments. The type of chemotherapy selected depends on the cancer type, stage, tumour characteristics, previous treatments, and the patient's overall health.
Why and When Is Chemotherapy Recommended?
Chemotherapy may be recommended in different stages of cancer treatment:
- Before surgery: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may help reduce the size of a tumour before surgery.
- After surgery: Adjuvant chemotherapy may help treat cancer cells that could remain after tumour removal.
- As the primary treatment: In some cancers, chemotherapy can be the main treatment.
- For advanced cancer: It may help control cancer growth, reduce tumour size, or relieve cancer-related symptoms.
- Alongside other treatments: Chemotherapy may be combined with radiation, immunotherapy, or targeted treatments when appropriate.
How Is Chemotherapy Given?
Chemotherapy can be administered in different ways depending on the medicines prescribed. Intravenous chemotherapy is commonly delivered through a vein, while some medicines are available as tablets or capsules. Treatment is generally given in planned cycles, with periods between treatments to allow the body to recover.
The oncology team determines the appropriate medicine, dosage, schedule, and duration based on the patient's individual treatment plan.
What Should Patients Expect During Chemotherapy?
Patients may receive treatment in a dedicated chemotherapy setting under medical supervision. The duration of each session varies depending on the medicines being administered. Some patients may experience fatigue, nausea, appetite changes, hair loss, or changes in blood counts. Not everyone experiences the same side effects. Patients are monitored throughout treatment, and supportive medicines may be provided to manage symptoms. Regular blood tests and clinical assessments help the oncology team monitor treatment response and overall health.
Treatment Considerations
Chemotherapy is planned individually for every patient. The oncology team evaluates the expected benefits, possible side effects, and other treatment options before recommending a chemotherapy regimen.
