What are the common symptoms of end-stage heart failure?
People often feel very tired, short of breath even while resting, have swelling in their legs or belly, and may find it hard to do simple activities like walking or eating.
What is end-stage heart failure?
End-stage heart failure is the final stage of heart disease where the heart becomes very weak and cannot pump enough blood. Even with medicines and treatments, symptoms stay severe and daily life becomes very difficult.
Why is regular follow-up important?
To monitor valve function, detect complications early, and adjust treatment as needed.
Is valve replacement permanent?
Bioprosthetic valves last 10–20 years, while mechanical valves last longer but require lifelong anticoagulation.
Can valvular heart disease be prevented?
While congenital causes can’t be prevented, managing risk factors like hypertension, infections, and rheumatic fever reduces the risk.
What is the treatment for advanced valvular heart disease?
Medications for symptom relief and valve repair or replacement through surgery or transcatheter procedures.
How is valvular heart disease diagnosed?
A cardiac surgeon makes the diagnosis through echocardiography, ECG, chest X-ray, cardiac MRI, and cardiac catheterization.
What are the early signs of valvular heart disease?
Shortness of breath, fatigue, palpitations, chest pain, and fainting spells.
Can coronary artery disease be prevented?
Yes, through healthy lifestyle choices.
What is the treatment for severe coronary artery disease?
Medications (antiplatelets, statins, beta-blockers), lifestyle changes, angioplasty with stents, or coronary bypass surgery (CABG).
