Hernias (Inguinal, Umbilical, Hiatal)

What is a Hernia?

A hernia occurs when an organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue (fascia). Most hernias develop in the abdomen or groin, and they may appear as a visible bulge under the skin.

While some hernias may cause no symptoms initially, they can lead to pain, discomfort, and complications if left untreated. Many hernias require surgical repair, especially if they are growing, painful, or at risk of strangulation.

Common Types of Hernias

Inguinal Hernia

Occurs in the groin area when part of the intestine or abdominal tissue protrudes through the inguinal canal. More common in men.

Umbilical Hernia

Appears around the belly button (navel). Common in infants but can also affect adults, especially women during or after pregnancy.

Femoral Hernia

Less common, occurs in the upper thigh or groin. More frequent in women and has a higher risk of complications.

Incisional Hernia

Develops at the site of a previous surgical incision where the abdominal wall has weakened.

Hiatal Hernia

Occurs when part of the stomach pushes up through the diaphragm into the chest cavity. It may cause acid reflux and heartburn.

Epigastric Hernia

Forms in the upper abdomen between the belly button and chest, often made up of fatty tissue.

Causes and Risk Factors

Hernias develop due to a combination of muscle weakness and strain. Contributing factors include:

• Chronic coughing or sneezing
• Heavy lifting
• Constipation and straining during bowel movements
• Obesity
• Pregnancy
• Previous surgeries
• Aging (natural weakening of tissues)

Symptoms of a Hernia

• A visible or palpable lump in the abdomen or groin
• Pain or discomfort, especially when coughing, bending, or lifting
• A burning or aching sensation at the bulge site
• Feeling of heaviness or pressure
• Swelling that worsens throughout the day
• In hiatal hernias: heartburn, chest pain, or difficulty swallowing

A hernia may recede when lying down or with gentle pressure. If it becomes painful, firm, and doesn’t reduce, it may be incarcerated or strangulated—a medical emergency.

Complications

• Incarcerated hernia: The hernia gets stuck and can’t be pushed back in.
• Strangulated hernia: Blood supply to the herniated tissue is cut off, leading to tissue death. Requires emergency surgery.

Diagnosis

Hernias are usually diagnosed through:

• Physical examination by a doctor
• Ultrasound or CT scan to confirm diagnosis and assess severity
• Endoscopy in case of hiatal hernia or gastrointestinal symptoms
   

Treatment Options

Watchful Waiting

For small, painless hernias, especially in high-risk surgical patients. Requires regular monitoring.

Surgical Repair

The definitive treatment for most hernias, especially symptomatic or enlarging ones.

• Open Hernia Repair:

The surgeon makes an incision to push the protruding tissue back and reinforces the area with sutures or mesh.

• Laparoscopic Hernia Repair:

Minimally invasive surgery using small incisions and a camera, often with faster recovery and less pain.

• Robotic-Assisted Surgery:

Offers greater precision and control in complex hernia cases.

Recovery and Outlook

Most patients recover within a few weeks after hernia surgery, especially with laparoscopic techniques. A full return to activity may take 4–6 weeks. Hernia recurrence is rare when surgery is done correctly, especially with mesh reinforcement.

Why Choose Aster Hospitals for Hernia Treatment?

Aster Hospitals is a trusted destination for hernia treatment, offering expert care from experienced general and laparoscopic surgeons. With advanced imaging and diagnostic facilities, we ensure accurate assessment and timely intervention. Our minimally invasive and robotic surgery options are designed for reduced discomfort and quicker recovery. Each patient receives a personalized treatment plan along with structured post-operative care and guidance to prevent recurrence, ensuring a smooth and lasting recovery.