Types/ levels:

There are three primary types of burns: first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree. The level of degree depends upon the severity of damage to the skin.

First-degree burns: Red skin, minor inflammation (swelling)
Second-degree burns: Blisters and thickening of skin in some areas
Third-degree burns: Charred dark brown skin, widespread thickness with a white or a leathery appearance. When the damage of third-degree burns extends beyond the skin and reaches the tendons and bones, it is called fourth-degree burn

Common causes:

Burns are usually caused due to

Scalding from hot, boiling liquids
Excessive sun exposure
Chemical and Electrical burns
Fire burns, including burns from matches, candles, and lighters

All burns require mandatory first aid treatment, while partial and full thickness burns require immediate medical attention. It can be difficult to tell the difference between partial and full-thickness burns as the extent of the burn is more critical when it comes to initial treatment.

First aid for burns

Hold the burnt area under cold running water for 15-20 minutes and prevent heat loss by covering unburnt areas
Remove the burnt clothing only if it is not sticking to the burn.
Wash away the chemical that caused the burn (such as acids and alkali) under running water for minimum 20 minutes.
Superficial burns have to be treated to ensure there’s no infection.
Do not apply anything other than water in case of second/ third degree burns and seek immediate medical help.

What not to do

Do not use ice, as it may worsen the damage.
Do not use cotton to clean burns as the fibers can stick to the injury and lead to infections.
Do not use home remedies like butter and eggs as these are do not help in any manner.

Recovery:

Chances of damage to skin and infection can be minimised if first-degree/ second-degree burns are treated the right way
Severe damage from second-degree and third-degree burns can affect the skin tissues, bones, and even some organs. In such cases, patients may require surgery/ skin grafting, rehabilitation, physical therapy and some times, lifelong assisted care.
Along with adequate physical treatment patients who have suffered severe second/ third degree burns also require steady emotional support, as burns also scar one’s mind. They need to be brought back to normal life with love, care and understanding.