Though known to infect the lungs, Tuberculosis can infect any organ; and even a person with a healthy immune system has a 10% chance of contracting the disease.

How TB spreads

The bacterium can spread through only people with active TB infections. Sneezing, coughing or even talking can release the bacteria in the air, which can infect people who are breathing the same air.

Common symptoms

Cough that lasts for more than 2 weeks with a green, yellow or bloody sputum
Weight loss
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Fever
Chills
Night sweats
Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Additional symptoms can also show if the disease has spread beyond the chest and lungs. For example, if lymph nodes are infected, there will be swelling of glands at the sides of the neck or underarms.

Causes of Tuberculosis

Travelling/ living in places where TB is prevalent
People with substance abuse problem
People with weak immunity system and those suffering from grave illness such as HIV
Health care workers who are exposed to patients with active TB
People suffering from diabetes, kidney disease, malnutrition
People who have been using steroids for a long time
Pregnant women and people undergoing radiotherapy are at a higher risk than others.

Preventing TB

Patients should cover their nose and mouth while coughing or sneezing
People who are at risk or in contact with a TB patient should be tested regularly
Face masks should be used by healthcare professionals when dealing with patients suffering from TB
It is important to take medications as per the doctor’s instructions. It is crucial to understand that if the medications are stopped in between the prescribed course, TB infection can recur.